On October 7, 2021, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal issued a judgment that threatens to fragment existing frameworks of European law, challenging the legitimacy of international agreements over state sovereignty. In a 10-2 majority, its K 3/21 judgment claimed that select provisions of the Treaty of the European Union (TEU) were “inconsistent” with the Polish Constitution, ultimately placing European Union primary law below the Polish Constitution in the hierarchy of legal authority in the state.

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