In the last decade, Google has become synonymous with the internet itself, its search engine serving as the primary gateway for billions of users to access information, commerce, and utilities. Google’s unparalleled dominance in the digital marketplace – particularly in search and advertising – has made the company a focal point of legal scrutiny, provoking inquiry from regulators worldwide. In the United States, this scrutiny has culminated in two ongoing antitrust cases brought by the Department of Justice (DOJ), representing the most significant antitrust challenges to a tech giant since United States v. Microsoft in 1998.

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